The Vampire Diaries: The Fury Chapter One

Elena ventured into the clearing. Underneath her feet wears out of harvest time leaves were freezing into the slush. Nightfall had fallen, and in spite of the fact that the tempest was fading away the forested areas were getting colder. Elena didn't feel the virus. Neither did she mind the dull. Her understudies opened wide, getting together minuscule particles of light that would have been undetectable to a human. She could see the two figures battling underneath the incredible oak tree plainly. One had thick dim hair, which the breeze had beaten into a tumbled ocean of waves. He was somewhat taller than the other, and in spite of the fact that Elena couldn't see his face she some way or another realized his eyes were green. The other had a stun of dull hair also, however his was fine and straight, practically like the pelt of a creature. His lips were moved back from his teeth in rage, and the relaxing effortlessness of his body was accumulated into a predator's squat. His eyes were dark. Elena watched them for a few minutes without moving. She'd overlooked why she had come here, for what reason she'd been pulled here by the echoes of their fight in her brain. This nearby the uproar of their indignation and disdain and agony was practically stunning, as quiet yells originating from the warriors. They were secured a demise coordinate. I wonder which of them will win, she thought. They were both injured and dying, and the taller one's left arm hung at an unnatural edge. In any case, he had quite recently pummeled the other against the contorted trunk of an oak tree. His anger was solid to the point that Elena could feel and taste it just as hear it, and she realized it was invigorating him outlandish. And afterward Elena recollected why she had come. How might she have overlooked? He was harmed. His psyche had gathered her here, battering her with stun rushes of fury and agony. She had come to help him since she had a place with him. The two figures were down on the frigid ground presently, correcting like wolves, growling. Quickly and quietly Elena went to them. The one with the wavy hair and green eyes-Stefan, a voice in her brain murmured was on top, fingers scrabbling at the other's throat. Outrage washed through Elena, outrage and defense. She came to among them to snatch that stifling hand, to pry the fingers up. It didn't happen to her that she shouldn't be sufficiently able. She was sufficient; that was all. She tossed her weight to the side, twisting her hostage away from his rival. For good measure, she hunkered down hard on his injured arm, thumping him level all over in the leaf-flung slush. At that point she started to stifle him from behind. Her assault had shocked him, yet he was a long way from beaten. He struck back at her, his great hand mishandling for her throat. His thumb dove into her windpipe. Her assault had shocked him, yet he was a long way from beaten. He struck back at her, his great hand mishandling for her throat. His thumb dove into her windpipe. In any case, he was more grounded than she was. With a twitch of his shoulders, he broke her hang on him and turned in her grip, throwing her down. And afterward he was over her, his face reshaped with creature anger. She murmured at him and went for his eyes with her nails, however he thumped her hand away. He was going to slaughter her. Indeed, even injured, he was by a wide margin the more grounded. His lips had stepped back to go on the defensive previously recolored with red. Like a cobra, he was prepared to strike. At that point he quit, drifting over her, his face evolving. Elena saw the green eyes augment. The students, which had been contracted to horrendous specks, sprang open. He was gazing down at her as though really observing her just because. For what reason would he say he was taking a gander at her that way? For what reason didn't he simply get it over with? In any case, presently the iron hand on her shoulder was discharging her. The creature growl had vanished, supplanted by a look of bewilderment and miracle. He sat back, helping her to sit up, at the same time looking into her face. â€Å"Elena,† he murmured. His voice was split. â€Å"Elena, it's you.† Is that who I am? she thought. Elena? It didn't generally make a difference. She cast a look toward the old oak tree. He was still there, remaining between the upthrust roots, gasping, supporting himself against it with one hand. He was taking a gander at her with his unendingly bruised eyes, his foreheads attracted together a grimace. Try not to stress, she thought. I can deal with this one. He's moronic. At that point she flung herself on the green-looked at one once more. â€Å"Elena!† he cried as she thumped him in reverse. His great hand pushed at her shoulder, holding her up. â€Å"Elena, it's me, Stefan! Elena, take a gander at me!† She was looking. Everything she could see was the uncovered fix of skin at his neck. She murmured once more, upper lip moving back, getting defensive. He solidified. She felt the stun resound through his body, saw his look break. His face went as white as though somebody had struck him a blow in the stomach. He shook his head somewhat on the sloppy ground. â€Å"No,† he murmured. â€Å"Oh, no†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He was by all accounts saying it to himself, as though he didn't anticipate that her should hear him. He arrived at a hand toward her cheek, and she lashed out at it. â€Å"Oh, Elena†¦Ã¢â‚¬  he murmured. The last hints of rage, of creature bloodlust, had vanished from his face. His eyes were stunned and blasted and lamenting. The last hints of rage, of creature bloodlust, had vanished from his face. His eyes were stunned and blasted and lamenting. He gazed at her a second, the agony in his eyes arriving at a pinnacle, and afterward he essentially surrendered. He quit battling totally. She could feel it occur, feel the opposition leave his body. He lay on the cold ground with pieces of oak leaves in his hair, gazing up past her at the dark and obfuscated sky. Finish it, his exhausted voice said in her brain. Elena wavered for a moment. There was something in particular about those eyes that called up recollections inside her. Remaining in the twilight, sitting in a storage room room†¦ But the recollections were excessively dubious. She was unable to get a grip on them, and the exertion made her tipsy and wiped out. What's more, this one needed to pass on, this green-looked at one called Stefan. Since he'd hurt him, the other one, the one Elena had been destined to be with. Nobody could hurt him and live. She cinched her teeth into his throat and bit profound. She understood immediately that she wasn't doing it very right. She hadn't hit a conduit or vein. She stressed at the throat, irate at her own naiveté. It felt great to nibble something, yet very little blood was coming. Disappointed, she lifted up and bit once more, feeling his body jolt in torment. Much better. She'd found a vein this time, yet she hadn't torn it profoundly enough. A little scratch like that wouldn't do. What she required was to tear it directly over, to let the rich hot circulation system out. Her casualty shivered as she attempted to do this, teeth raking and biting. She was simply feeling the tissue give way when hands pulled at her, lifting her from behind. Elena growled without relinquishing the throat. The hands were persistent however. An arm circled about her midriff, fingers twined in her hair. She battled, sticking with teeth and nails to her prey. Relinquish him. Leave him! The voice was sharp and instructing, similar to an impact from a virus wind. Elena remembered it and quit battling with the hands that pulled her away. As they stored her on the ground and she admired see him, a name came into her psyche. Damon. His name was Damon. She gazed at him glumly, angry of being yanked away from her execute, however faithful. Stefan was sitting up, his neck red with blood. It was running onto his shirt. Elena licked her lips, feeling a pulse like a craving for food that appeared to originate from each fiber of her being. She was discombobulated once more. â€Å"I thought,† Damon said so anyone might hear, â€Å"that you said she was dead.† He was taking a gander at Stefan, who was considerably paler than previously, if that was conceivable. That white face loaded up with endless misery. â€Å"Look at her† was all he said. A hand measured Elena's jawline, inclining her face up. She met Damon's limited dull eyes legitimately. At that point long, thin fingers contacted her lips, testing between them. Instinctually Elena attempted to chomp, yet not hard. Damon's finger found the sharp bend of a canine tooth, and Elena bit currently, giving it a touch like a kitten's. Damon's face was dull, his eyes hard. â€Å"Do you know where you are?† he said. Elena looked around. Trees. â€Å"In the woods,† she said cunningly, glancing back at him. â€Å"And who is that?† She followed his pointing finger. â€Å"Stefan,† she said apathetically. â€Å"Your brother.† â€Å"And who am I? Do you know who I am?† She grinned up at him, going on the defensive. â€Å"Of course I do. You're Damon, and I love you.†

Energy Inc Free Essays

There is no Present commitment on the grounds that there is no committing occasion either for the expenses of fitting smoke channels or for fines under the enactment. In this way, as indicated by IAS 37 and ASC 450, FuelSource Co. ought not perceive an arrangement as f December 31, 2011 neither in answering to its U. We will compose a custom exposition test on Vitality Inc or then again any comparable point just for you Request Now K. parent under IFRSs nor in answering to its U. S. - based loan specialist as per U. S. GAAP. Question An Any of four situations of the cases isn't changed by the expulsion of ‘probable outflows’ measures 2, which requires a plausible future outpouring of monetary advantages coming about because of the liabilities. In the first and the subsequent situations, the element ought to perceive an arrangement as of the monetary record date in answering to its U. K. parent, while not perceive in the third and the fourth situations. Question B In my supposition, frequently models 1 and rules 2 fill a similar need. The two of them serve to forestall perceiving an obligation in the event that it isn't likely. Along these lines, the expulsion of rules 2 would makes IAS 37 progressively reliable with ASC 450 of U. S. GAAP. With this correction, there would be progressively upgraded likeness between those two principles. ASC 450-20-25-1 When a misfortune possibility exists, the probability that the future occasion or occasions will affirm the misfortune or impedance of an advantage or the incurrence of a risk can extend from likely to remote. As showed in the meaning of possibility, the term misfortune is utilized for accommodation to incorporate numerous charges against ncome that are regularly alluded to as costs and others that are ordinarily alluded to as misfortunes. The Contingencies Topic utilizes the terms likely, sensibly conceivable, and remote to character three zones inside that run. ASC 450-20-25-2 An expected misfortune from a misfortune possibility will be accumulated by a charge to salary if both of the accompanying conditions are met: (an) Information accessible before the fiscal summaries are given or are accessible to be given (as talked about in Section 855-10-25) demonstrates that it is plausible that a benefit had been debilitated or an obligation had been acquired at the date of the money related tatements. Date of the fiscal reports implies the finish of the latest bookkeeping time frame for which budget reports are being introduced. It is certain in this condition it must be likely that at least one future occasions will happen affirming the reality of the misfortune. (b) The measure of misfortune can be sensibly assessed. The motivation behind those conditions is to require accumulation of misfortunes when they are sensibly respectable and identify with the present or an earlier period. Passages 450-20-55-1 through 55-17 and Examples 1-2 (see sections 450-20-55-18 through 5-35) represent the utilization of the conditions. As examined in passage 450-20-50-5, divulgence is desirable over gathering when a sensible gauge of misfortune can't be made. Further, even misfortunes that are sensibly respectable will not be accumulated in the event that it isn't plausible that an advantage has been hindered or a risk has been acquired at the date of an entity’s fiscal summaries in light of the fact that those misfortunes identify with a future period instead of the present or an earlier period. Attribution of a misfortune to occasions or exercises of the present or earlier periods is a component of benefit debilitation r obligation incurrence. ASC 450-20-50-5 Disclosure is desirable over gathering when a sensible gauge of misfortune can't be made. For instance, revelation will be made of any misfortune possibility that meets the condition in passage 450-20-25-2(a) however that isn't gathered on the grounds that the measure of misfortune can't be sensibly assessed (the condition in section 450-20-25-2[b]). Divulgence likewise will be made of some misfortune possibilities that don't meet the condition in passage 450-20-25-2(a)†namely, those possibilities for which there is a sensible chance that a misfortune may have been brought about even hough data may not show that it is plausible that an advantage had been weakened or an obligation had been caused at the date of the fiscal reports. IAS 37-14 An arrangement will be perceived when: (an) an element has a current commitment (lawful or valuable) because of a past occasion; (b) it is likely that a surge of assets typifying monetary advantages will be required to settle the commitment; and (c) a solid gauge can be made of the sum ot the commitment. It t perceived. nese cond itions are not met, no arrangement will IAS 37-17 A past occasion that leads toa present commitment is called a committing vent. For an occasion to be a committing occasion, it is essential that the element has no reasonable option in contrast to settling the commitment made by the occasion. This is the situation just: (a) where the settlement of the commitment can be upheld by law; or (b) on account of a helpful commitment, where the occasion (which might be an activity of the substance) makes substantial desires in different gatherings that the element will release the commitment. IAS 37-23 For a risk to meet all requirements for acknowledgment there must be a current commitment as well as the likelihood of an outpouring of assets exemplifying financial enefits to settle that commitment. With the end goal of this Standard,l an outpouring of assets or other occasion is viewed as plausible if the occasion is almost certainly to happen, ie the likelihood that the occasion will happen is more prominent than the likelihood that it won't. Where it isn't plausible that a current commitment exists, an element reveals an unexpected risk, except if the chance of an outpouring of assets typifying financial advantages is remote. IAS 37-36 The sum perceived as an arrangement will be the best gauge of the use required to settle the current commitment toward the finish of the announcing time frame. Step by step instructions to refer to Energy Inc, Papers

TOEFL Speaking - Sample Questions and Answers

TOEFL Speaking - Sample Questions and Answers In the TOEFL Speaking section, there are four speaking questions. This page has sample questions and answers for TOEFL speaking question one (the independent speaking question).TOEFL Speaking Sample Questions and ResponsesAgree/Disagree Style QuestionsQuestion 1“State whether you agree or disagree with the following statement. Then explain your reasons using specific details in your argument. Teachers should assign daily homework to students. document.createElement('audio'); https://www.toeflresources.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Speaking-Question-1.mp3I agree with the idea of giving children homework on a daily basis. I feel this way for two reasons.First of all, I think that it will help children to retain what they learn for a much longer period of time. The only real way for kids to absorb a lesson is to actually go home and repeat it as much as they possibly can. And in the long run this kind of thing will lead to a lot more academic success.Secondly, I believe that homework can actually give children an opportunity to bond with their parents. For example, I got a lot of daily homework when I was in elementary school. And Id go home and do it with my mom and dad, and Id ask them questions whenever I was having trouble. And in time we actually became really close.“Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Children should help their parents with household chores as soon as they are old enough. Use details and examples in your response.” https://www.toeflresources.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Speaking-Sample-4.mp3I think its a great idea for kids to do household chores as soon as theyre old enough.First of all, this can teach children some really valuable skills that will come in handy later in life. For instance, I was responsible for cooking breakfast for my little brother every day before we went to school when we were both kids. As a result, when I went away to college as a teenager I stayed really healthy because I could cook my ow n meals instead of always going out for fast food like my friends and classmates.Secondly, parents and children can do household chores together and this gives them a change to bond. You know, as they work on things like cleaning dishes or cooking food they can chat, and the kids might open up about whats going on in their lives.Paired Choice Style QuestionsQuestion 1“There are many different approaches to academic studies, and all of them have specific benefits. Do you prefer to study for tests in a group, or to study alone? Include details and examples to support your explanation.” https://www.toeflresources.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Speaking-Sample-2.mp3I prefer studying for my tests all by myself. I feel this way for two reasons.First of all, I can focus entirely on what I need to learn. When we study in a group everyone has different weak spots, and they all deserve to be touched on, even if some members of the group are really strong in those areas. In contrast, when we work alone we can focus entirely on our own weak spots and therefore get the best possible test score.Secondly, Im easily distracted which can have disastrous effects when I study in a group. For instance, last year I was preparing for a midterm exam with a bunch of classmates but we ended up chatting a lot about music and sports instead of studying. And, therefore, my test score was quite bad.Question 2“Some people like to watch television news programs every day, while others like to watch them only now and then. Which do you prefer? Include details and examples to support your explanation.” https://www.toeflresources.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Speaking-Sample-5.mp3I definitely prefer to watch the news only occasionally. There are two reasons for this.First of all, too much time spent watching the nightly news makes me feel really anxious. For instance, if I hear about some new war or disaster every day of the week I get really depressed and this make it a lot harder to function in my daily life.Secondly, I think watching the news every day can be a waste of time. Like, if I spend an hour every day watching a news broadcast I just dont have enough time for more important things. For example, this month I stopped watching the nightly news and suddenly it became a lot easier to get all of my homework assignments done.Good Idea StyleQuestion 1Some companies have rules that forbid employees from using personal cell phones during working hours. Do you think this is a good idea? Why or why not? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. https://www.toeflresources.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Speaking-Sample-3.mp3I think its a really terrible idea to tell employees that they cant use their phones during working hours.First of all, our personal phones are the only way for us to hear about emergencies affecting our loved ones. And this is something we want to hear about as soon as humanly possible. You know, if a worker feels nervous about being out of touch with his loved ones during the day, he might actually start looking around for a job that lets him use his phone and this would be really bad for business.Secondly, I think personal phones can maybe improve our morale at work. We can relieve our stress by making a quick phone call or looking at a social media post. And if we feel happier well probably performer a lot better.Question 2Nowadays, some people use extreme methods, including surgery, to change their appearance. They do this because they want to look more attractive. Do you think this is a good idea? Support your answer with details and examples. https://www.toeflresources.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Recording-78.mp3I think its a really fantastic idea to get surgery to change your experience. I feel this way for two reasons.First of all, it can make us feel a lot more self-confident. If we really like our experience we can feel a lot less shy when talking to people. And it will be easier to interact and therefore well achieve more success in our personal and professional lives.Secondly, if we dont like the result of our surgery we can always change it back. I mean, plastic surgery is really affordable these days, so if you get some surgery and it looks bad you can just get another procedure done. For instance, Ive changed my nose about six times already, and the expense to me has been pretty minimal.TOEFL Speaking Guides and TemplatesComplete templates for each essay task.Detailed guides for every speaking question.Sign Up for our Essay Evaluation Service!Want to know how you will score on the test? Sign up now and you can have your next practice essay graded by an expert. Not only will you get a realistic score, but youll also get line by line feedback on your grammar, vocabulary, structure and content!Sign up Now!

Learning How and When to Say No

Learning to say no to people is one of the best things you can do for yourself, yet many people find it extremely difficult. Why? Because they want to be liked. The ironic thing is, people will like you better and respect you more if you say no when its appropriate! Why Say No 1. People will respect you. People who say yes to everything in an attempt to be liked are quickly recognized as pushovers. When you say no to someone you are letting them know that you have boundaries. You are showing that you respect yourself--and that is how you gain respect from others. 2. People will actually see you as more dependable. When you say yes only when you have the time and true ability to do a great job, then youll gain a reputation for being dependable. If you say yes to everything, youre bound to do a bad job at everything. 3. When youre selective with your tasks, youll sharpen your natural strengths. If you concentrate on the things youre good at, youll be able to improve on your natural talents. For example, if youre a great writer but youre not so great as an artist, you may volunteer to write speeches but you shouldnt sign up to make the posters for your club. Concentrate on your strength and build your skills (and your experience) for college. 4. Your life will be less stressful. You may be tempted to say yes to people in order to please them. In the long run, youre only hurting yourself and others when you do this. You stress yourself out by overloading yourself, and you experience increased stress when you realize youre bound to let them down. When to Say No First lets point out the obvious: Do your homework. You should never say no to a teacher, friend, or family member who is merely asking you to live up to your responsibilities. Its not okay to say no to a class assignment, just because you dont feel like doing it for some reason. This is not an exercise in cockiness. It is OK to say no when somebody is asking you to step outside your true responsibilities and outside your comfort zone to take on a task that is dangerous or one that will overload you and affect your academic work and your reputation. For example: If a teacher suggests that you become the president of a club that he or she is advising, but your schedule is already over-packed.If a popular athlete asks you to help with his/her homework and you dont have time.If anybody asks you to do their homework for them.If anybody asks you to give them information that was on a test (if they have a later class with the same teacher). It can be very difficult to say no to somebody whom you really respect, but youll find that you actually gain respect from them when you show enough courage to say no. How to Say No We say yes to people because its easy. Learning to say no is like learning anything: it seems really scary at first, but its so rewarding when you get the hang of it! The trick to saying no is doing it firmly without sounding rude. You must avoid being wishy-washy. Here are some lines you can practice: If a teacher asks you to take on more responsibility than you need: Thank you for thinking of me, but I will have to say no. Im just over-scheduled at this time.If a teacher asks you to do something you dont feel comfortable with: This sounds like it would be a great opportunity for somebody, but its not right for me.If somebody wants you to cheat: Sorry, I dont share my homework. That would get us both in trouble.If somebody tries to push work off on you: I just dont have the time to do a good job at that right now.If somebody tries to overload you with a task: I cant do that because I have an assignment due tomorrow.If somebody tries to unload a problem on you: I understand your situation, but I dont have an answer for you. When You Have to Say Yes There will be times when you want to say no but you can’t. If youre working on a group project, you have to take on some of the work, but you dont want to volunteer for everything. When you have to say yes, you can do it with firm conditions. A conditional yes may be necessary if you know you should do something but you also know you dont have all the time or resources. An example of a conditional yes is: Yes, Ill make the posters for the club, but I wont pay for all the supplies. Saying no is all about gaining respect. Gain respect for yourself by saying no when its necessary. Gain the respect of others by saying no in a polite way.

The Young Man Of A Slave, Jarvius Cotton - 1230 Words

The young man of a slave, Jarvius Cotton, experienced the harsh treatment of consequences that resulted in the prevention of voting, but more than a debar in society’s participation, the lack of opportunity to capture the full force of freedom that has the capacity to obliterate the force of captivity in a broken system that declares itself â€Å"just† has enforced him to abide by such laws instead. Cotton’s story further depicts the old saying, â€Å"The more things change, the more they remain the same†. (Alexander) In new generations, new tactics have been used for achieving the same goals in order to improve the standards we mark to meet in the world, specifically in today’s state of society. African American’s have undergone†¦show more content†¦(Alexander) In the pre civil rights movement African Americans suffered a variety of ordained or legislative setbacks and disadvantages such as racial segregation throughout the education system, equal or rather unequal opportunity in employment, access to public facilities, housing, voting rights, and freedom from racial discrimination, which would become future impediments. It was as if they were in a constant mode towards the subjection and oppression of a cylinder filled with the degradation of invasive structures deliberately aimed at and employed to maintain the status quo of setting them up to fail rather than succeed. Furthermore, to paint an even bleaker picture for the baseline economic status of African American families living in the U.S., the net worth of the average black household in the United States is $6,314, compared with $110,500 for the average white household, according to 2011 census data. The gap has worsened in the last decade, and the United States now has a greater wealth gap by race. Whites in America on average own almost 18 times as much as blacks. The black-white income gap is roughly 40 percent greater today than it was in 1967. In the New York Times’s article, When Whites Just Don’t Get It: After Ferguson, Race Deserves More Attention, Not Less, Nicholas Kristof writes about race

Bp Case Free Essays

1. The aspects of BP’s ethical culture that could have contributed to the Gulf Coast oil spill disaster include: * The company tried to assure concerned stakeholders that it took environmental concerns seriously, but BP’s actions have not always concided with its words. BP has engaged in numerous instances of questionable behavior including fraud, environmental, and ethical transgressions clearly demonstrate that the company has a history of disregarding the well-being of stakeholders. We will write a custom essay sample on Bp Case or any similar topic only for you Order Now The company has claimed to be an ethical company, concerned with stakeholder well-being, but its many violations tell a different story. * BP’s code of conduct was not sufficient to prevent a man made environmental disaster on an unprecedented scale. Apparently, BP’s code did not effectively address specific high risk activities within the scope of daily operations. * An investigation implies that BP cut short procedures and quality testing of the pipe (tests that are meant to detect has in the well). Also, BP used a less costly well design that some investigators deemed â€Å"risky†. Installation of this design is easier and costs are lower. Although, BP didn’t break any laws by using this design, they ignored safer alternatives (to save money) that might have prevented, or at least hindered, the accident. * BP admitted that they had ignored several procedures required by the Clean Air Act for ensuring mechanical integrity and a safe startup between 1999 until the explosion in 2005 that killed 15 employees and injured another 170 people. The explosion was the result of a leak of hydrocarbon liquid, and vapor. Another leak that happened in 2006 occurred after BP failed to respond to numerous red flags. One of these flags consisted of a dangerous corrosion in its pipes that had gone unchecked for more than a decade. * To narrow this entire question up, BP took shortcuts in their productions to cut their costs, and ignored defaults, regular routine cleanings, and maintenance of the rigs causing explosions and leaks, and people getting killed, harmed, or injured. . Yes, BP engaged in purposeful avoidance of risk management. * Some suggest that BP cut corners in risk management to save time and money. * BP had a responsibility to ensure that appropriate precautions were taken to prevent a disaster, but they failed to meet their responsibilities. For example, one technician that worked on the oil rig accused BP of willful negligence. He claims that BP did in fact have knowledge that the rig’s blowout preventer was l eaking weeks prior to the explosion, but did not halt the production. BP’s contingency plan in case of a disaster was inadequate. It contained many important inaccuracies. For example, one of the wildlife experts listed as an emergency responder had been dead since 2005. Another example, is that the contingency plan estimated that if a oil spill should occur, that the company would be able to recover about 500,000 barrels of oil per day, when in reality it took BP months to just contain the leak, at a spill rate of much less than listed in their plan. The inaccuracies of BP’s contingency plan shows how unprepared the company was for a disaster like the Deep Water Horizon spill. 3. I think that in order for BP to rebuild their reputation and manage the risks associated with offshore drilling, they should not take shortcuts or cut corners to save time or money. They should commit to a socially responsible approach and stakeholder engagement. They should have safety organizations in place. They should follow safety rules and regulations. Conduct better start up procedures. How to cite Bp Case, Essay examples

The Great Gatsby Eden Imagery Essay Example For Students

The Great Gatsby Eden Imagery Essay In the Great Gatsby, each character is longing for one particular paradise. Only one character actually reaches utopia, and the arrival is a mixed blessing at best. The concept of paradise in The Great Gatsby is a shifting, fleeting illusion of happiness, joy, love, and perfection, a mirage that leads each character to reach deeper, look harder, strive farther. There is Myrtle Wilsons gaudy, flashy hotel paradise in which she can pretend that she is glamorous, elite, wanted and loved. She clings fiercely enough to this ragged dream to brave the righteous anger of Tom Buchanan by voicing her jealous terror that he will return to his wife. We will write a custom essay on The Great Gatsby Eden Imagery specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now There is a desperation to her full, spirited style of living, she wants so much to escape the grey, dead land of the Valley of Ashes that she colours her life with any brightness she can find, be it broken glass or diamonds. Nick describes land she finds herself in as a wasteland, a desert, saying this is the Valley of Ashes a fantastic farm where ashes grow like wheat into ridges and hills and grotesque gardens, where ashes take the forms of houses and chimneys and rising smoke and finally, with a transcendent effort, of men who move dimly and already crumbling through the powdery air (page 29). It is from this that Myrtle is trying to escape, this life-in-death valley that characterises the underbelly of New Yorks glitter and lights and finery, and this that she is dragged back to by the dawning jealous rage of a normally unassuming husband. To run away from the grey and the death, the colourful, brimming woman runs out, arms outstretched, to the car she thinks belongs to the man who promised to take her away from the Valley. But she began in shadows and in shadows she dies, her life violently extinguished, knelt in the road and mingled her thick, dark blood with the dust (page 144). There is an ashes to ashes dust to dust element to every action in the novel, and Myrtle is no exception. We as readers focus more on Daisy and Tom, Gatsby and Nick; Myrtles fall is telling the same story as Gatsbys, as Daisys. In the end, her life is worth no more and no less than the great millionaire in his mansion on West Egg. Daisy and Tom are bereft of these dreams. Daisy at one point in the novel suddenly rebelled, realising that she did not love the man she was going to marry despite his rich gifts, and Jordan describes her struggle Tell em all Daisys change her mine. Say Daisys change her mine! She began to cry she cried and cried . . . She wouldnt let go of the letter. She took it into the tub with her and squeezed it up into a wet ball and only let me leave it in the soap dish when she saw that it was coming to pieces like snow (page 83). Society in the form of Jordan Baker was there to spread on more lies to cover the rough spots, to make the surface elegant and hope no one had depth enough to look beneath it. When Daisy marries Tom without so much as a shiver she becomes an empty person, who lives, but takes no joy in it. It could be said that she just exists. When Gatsby returns with all her old dreams in his hat and his glittery mansion across the bay, like some handsome prince come to rescue her, Daisy tries but cannot return to the time that Gatsby has been living in for the past five years. She has become the shell that Jordan fixed up and sent off to a wedding, one of the careless people that Nick describes her as. .u2bdbdb21627599bcb0c7663c82169628 , .u2bdbdb21627599bcb0c7663c82169628 .postImageUrl , .u2bdbdb21627599bcb0c7663c82169628 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2bdbdb21627599bcb0c7663c82169628 , .u2bdbdb21627599bcb0c7663c82169628:hover , .u2bdbdb21627599bcb0c7663c82169628:visited , .u2bdbdb21627599bcb0c7663c82169628:active { border:0!important; } .u2bdbdb21627599bcb0c7663c82169628 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2bdbdb21627599bcb0c7663c82169628 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2bdbdb21627599bcb0c7663c82169628:active , .u2bdbdb21627599bcb0c7663c82169628:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2bdbdb21627599bcb0c7663c82169628 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2bdbdb21627599bcb0c7663c82169628 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2bdbdb21627599bcb0c7663c82169628 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2bdbdb21627599bcb0c7663c82169628 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2bdbdb21627599bcb0c7663c82169628:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2bdbdb21627599bcb0c7663c82169628 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2bdbdb21627599bcb0c7663c82169628 .u2bdbdb21627599bcb0c7663c82169628-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2bdbdb21627599bcb0c7663c82169628:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: How does art change your perception of a metaphysi Essay Tom and Jordan are careless and destructive because they never have anything to care about. For them, life has been money and bright lights, cities and high paying jobs, parties with American aristocracy in expansive pleasure houses. This all glitters, but none of it is true gold. When Nick speaks of his home town, a Midwest of open plains, family and friendship, he is speaking of an emotional home that none of these people ever possessed. What passes for love in their world is the act of clinging to empty dreams of paradise, blue gardens where men and girls came and went like moths among the whisperings and the champagne and the stars (page 45). Gatsbys tragedy is not his death. It is the death of his dream of utopia. He discovers that Daisys gold is money, not her soul. Nick describes the new world that the storyteller faces the night he lays his dreams to rest material without being real, where poor ghosts, breathing dreams like air, drifted fortuitously about . . . (page 168). Gatsby must have looked out upon a world he thought loved him, that he thought valued things like dreams and happiness, and the shock at what he found there, at what he found both in the emptiness of Daisy and the indifferent machine of the city were what killed all that he had ever hoped for. Nicks paradise was his return to a place, not a time. His is the only paradise realised in the novel. Gatsby doesnt understand time, he wants to skew it as he skews his life and the lives of those around him. Gatsby believes, until the very end, that it eluded us then, but no matter tomorrow we will run faster, stretch out our arms farther . . . And one fine morning . .. (page 188). Gatsby reached an emotional level, upon which he expected to find utopia. But the flimsy, showy yet shadowy structure he built to reach that point wont support him in his crisis of self, and he is forced to realise that all of his ambitions have been in vain. Without the dream, there is no Gatsby. In the wreckage of so many falls from grace, Nick alone resurfaces, burdened by his understanding of the entirety of the tragedy.

Canadian House of Commons Question Period

Canadian House of Commons Question Period In Canada, Question Period is a daily 45-minute period in the House of Commons. This period allows the members of Parliament to hold the prime minister, the Cabinet  and the House of Commons committee chairs accountable by asking questions about policies, decisions, and legislation. What Happens During Question Period? Opposition members of Parliament and occasionally other members of ​Parliament ask questions to get the prime minister, Cabinet  ministers and House of Commons committee chairs to defend and explain their policies and the actions of the departments and agencies for which they are responsible. The provincial and territorial legislative assemblies have a similar Question Period. Questions may be asked orally without notice or may be submitted in writing after notice.  Members who are not satisfied with the answer they receive to a question may pursue the matter at greater length during the Adjournment Proceedings, which occur every day except Friday. Any member can ask a question, but the time is set aside almost exclusively for the opposition parties to confront the government and hold it accountable for its actions. The opposition typically uses this time to highlight the perceived inadequacies of the government. The Speaker of the House of Commons oversees Question Period and may rule questions out of order. The Purpose of Question Period Question Period reflects the concerns of national political life and is closely followed by members of Parliament, the press and the public. Question Period is the most visible part of the Canadian House of Commons schedule  and gets extensive media coverage. Question Period is televised and  is that part of the parliamentary day where the government is held accountable for its administrative policies and the conduct of its Ministers, both individually and collectively.  Question Period is also a major tool for members of Parliament to use in their roles as constituency representatives and government watchdogs.

The Pharaohs Double Crown of Egypt

The Pharaoh's Double Crown of Egypt Ancient Egyptian pharaohs are usually depicted wearing a crown or a head-cloth. The most important of these was the double crown, which symbolizes the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt and was worn by pharaohs starting with the First Dynasty around the year 3000 BCE. Its ancient Egyptian name is the pschent. The double crown was an amalgamation of the white crown (Ancient Egyptian name hedjet) of Upper Egypt and the red crown (Ancient Egyptian name deshret) of Lower Egypt. Another name for it is shmty, meaning the two powerful ones, or sekhemti. The crowns are seen only in artwork and no specimen of one has been preserved and discovered.  In addition to the  pharaohs, the gods Horus and Atum are depicted wearing the double crown. These are gods that are closely allied with the pharaohs. Symbols of the Double Crown The combination of the two crowns into one represented the rule of the pharaoh over his united kingdom. The red deshret  of Lower Egypt is the outer portion of the crown with cutouts around the ears. It has a curled projection in front that represents the proboscis of a honeybee, and a spire in the back  and an extension down the back of the neck. The name deshret  is also applied to the honeybee. The red color represents the fertile land of the Nile delta. It was believed to have been giving by Get to Horus, and the pharaohs were the successors of Horus. The white crown is the interior crown, which was more conical or bowling pin shaped, with cutouts for the ears. It may have been assimilated from the Nubian rulers before being worn by rulers of Upper Egypt. Animal representations were fastened to the front of the crowns, with a cobra in attack position for Lower Egyptian goddess Wadjet and a vulture head for the goddess Nekhbet of Upper Egypt. It isnt known what the crowns were made of, they could have been made of cloth, leather, reeds, or even metal.  Because no crowns have been found in burial tombs, even in those that were undisturbed, some historians speculate they were passed from pharaoh to Pharaoh. History of the Double Crown of Egypt Upper and Lower Egypt were united around the year 3150 BCE with some historians naming Menes as the first pharaoh and crediting him for inventing the pschent. But the double crown was first seen on a Horus of the pharaoh  Djet  of the First Dynasty, around 2980 BCE. The double crown is found in the Pyramid Texts. Nearly every pharaoh from 2700 through 750 BCE was depicted wearing the pschent in hieroglyphs preserved in tombs. The Rosetta Stone and the king list on the Palermo stone are other sources showing the double crown associated with pharaohs. Statues of Senusret II and Amenhotep  III are among many showing the double crown. The Ptolemy rulers wore the double crown when they were in Egypt but when they left the country they wore a diadem instead.

The Donahue Study Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Donahue Study - Research Paper Example These empowerment structures strengthen the individuals ability to accomplish things within an organization. This theory was originally meant to be applied to the business realm, but was applied in several studies to health care. Laschinger’s conceptual model is the theoretical framework applied to nursing which was based in Kanter’s theory serves as the theoretical framework for this study. The independent variable in the study is nurses empowerment and the dependent variable is patient satisfaction. These variables are both clearly defined. 5. The review of the literature is clear and relevant. The authors review Laschinger’s concept of empowerment as well as Chandler’s Conditions of Work Effectiveness Questionnaire, and explain how the relate to the current study and research methods. Both of these studies have a clear relation to the current study, and a logical explanation for this is given. 7. The sample size used is adequate, but is only taken from a single populations. The results may not be indicative of the general population, because the sample is from only one community. The results only include nurses who chose to respond to the questionnaire, so the method itself introduces bias. 8. Instruments- The instruments used were defined by the authors as follows: Nurse empowerment was measured using the Conditions of Work Effectiveness Questionnaire II (CWEQ-II). The CWEQ-II is a shortened version of the CWEQ, which wasadapted by Chandler in 1986 for use in nursing populations. The CWEQ-II consists of 19 items that measure the six components of empowerment described by Kanter (pg. 3). 9. Ethics- Rights of study participants were clearly addressed in the article. The study involved only minimal risk to participants. They did not involve procedures which require written consent, and approvals from the review board were

Psychiatry and Mental Illness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Psychiatry and Mental Illness - Essay Example According to the report findings  the very definition of a specialist infers that the individual has an in-depth understanding of what particular aspects of medical knowledge. The underlying reason for specialists existing in the first place has do with their ability to quickly understand the roots of a particular issue and seeks to address it in a timely manner. Whereas it is true that medical science of the past century was oftentimes constrained with regard to technological shortcomings, one of the main reasons for why disease was oftentimes misdiagnosed or under-diagnosed and do with the fact that the existence of specialists was significantly lower as compared to the current time.As the paper declares  the role of the specialists, whether a psychiatrist or another type of medical specialists, is not able to be earned unless the individual graduates medical school and spends a particularly long period of time interning and performing a residency within a specific field. Furth er, additional requirements oftentimes demand that on-the-job training exist for a period of years after a doctor completes these prior aspects of the medical training.  A further reason behind why psychiatrists should have a monopoly on treating mental illness has to do with the fact that these individuals already know which questions to ask.  Another rationale that must be considered is with reference to the multiplicity of different pharmacological drugs that currently exists.

Developing Independence in Client with Disabilities

Developing Independence in Client with Disabilities Critical Perspective on Diversity Introduction Mandy, a 44-year-old female with moderate learning difficulty, epilepsy, and with a congenital deformity of her limbs has restricted mobility, and limited manual dexterity. Mandy’s condition has caused her to be cared for by her parents since she was born, with the exception of two incidents. Mandy’s father was well informed, he managed to obtain for Mandy full benefit entitlement as well as a substantial payment from the independent living fund before he passed away. Mandy’s mother is the primary caregiver, and the funds that her father set into place before he died pays for her share of living expenses, food, medication, and related allowable expenses. Additionally, the money that Mandy receives permits her to have a carer visit the home for two hours, five days a week, to assist in helping Mandy’s mother. The carer assists in helping to move and wash Mandy as well as dress her and other tasks as a result of the advancing age of Mandy’s mother, wh ose health is deteriorating. The loss of her mother’s husband has left her in a state of long term grieving, for which she has been taking anti-depressants as well as anti-inflammatory drugs. Mandy’s mother has always been there for her, but she is approaching 60 years of age. Over the years, Mandy’s mother has become rather rigid in her beliefs concerning what Mandy can as well as cannot do. Mandy attends a respite care unit at a long stay hospital and has informed her key worker she wants to leave home as things there have become tense and Mandy does not get along with her mother presently as she did in the past, owing to her new condition. Mandy’s respite care is a short term break for patients from their caregivers as well as vice versa, whereby in Mandy’s situation, she is away from home as opposed to someone coming to the house (Rett Syndrome Association, 2006). Respite care is an official program that is a part of the ‘National Strategy for Carers’ that specifically is designed to provide carers with a break from devoting their time to the individual they look after, which is seen as an important component in maintaining a healthy relationship between the caregiver and the patient (Department of Health, 2007a). Prime Minister Tony Blair, in a forward to the ‘National Strategy for Carers’ document stated â€Å"The national strategy for carers – the first ever by a Government in Britain – sets out what we have been doing, and what we are going to do. It offers practical help in ways which are needed, and which will work. Carers will have better information. They will be better supported. They will be cared for better themselves† (Department of Health, 2007a). And while Mandy’s mother performs her care giving activities out of love for her daughter, the implication is clear. The publication for the government informs us that the important service rendered by carers is performed primarily by paid caregivers, representing three-fifths of the total number of people that are looking after an individual with a disability (Department of Health, 2007a). The publication states that women are more likely to be carers than males, and that throughout the United Kingdom there are over 855,000 individuals that care for someone over 50 hours a week, with over 5.7 million, representing one out of every six households (Department of Health, 2007a). In Mandy’s mother’s case, it represents just the ten-hour break she gets on a weekly basis. Respite care is one of the initiatives under the program-implemented buy the government to provide assistance to carers. As mentioned, Mandy has told her key worker that she would like to leave home. Because Mandy attends a respite care unit, there are no cost implications as it is a part of the national program under the National Strategy for Carers (Department of Health, 2007). Mandy’s disability allowance, as is the case with all social care allotments, requires residency in the United Kingdom, as per the following requirements 1). That the applicant must normally be a resident in Great Britain, 2). The applicant must not be subject to immigration control, 3). The applicant must be in Great Britain when making the claim, and lastly 4). That the applicant must have been in Great Britain, the Isle of Man, and either Jersey and or Guernsey for at least 26 weeks of the last 52 weeks (Directgov, 2007a). As Mandy qualifies and has qualified under the preceding, her desire to change her circumstances from home assisted living to a long stay hospital requires a local council assessment (Directgov, 2007b). The preceding is a part of the regulations and requirements in order for the local council to assess as well as work at the support the patient needs for such a change. As Mandy is learning impaired, and her mother has stated that she is the one who decide s what Mandy can or cannot do, Mandy will be filing for the change in carers without the aid of her parent. The learning disability impairment makes the preceding a difficult proposition for Mandy to take on herself, thus she will need help. Her key worker at the respite care unit has offered to help Mandy and thus in order to do so, needs to contact the disabilities teams social worker that is assigned to Mandy’s case, or simply the disabilities team itself, as well as the ‘Valuing People Support Team’ (Care Services Improvement Partnership, 2007a). The Valuing People Support Team was established by the government to address an unintended yet real concerns and problems faced by people with learning disabilities attempting to either be their own voice, or to be heard in the social care system regarding their own personal desires and wishes (Department of Health, 2007b). Prime Minister Tony Blair aptly sums up the purpose of the Valuing People Support Team in stating that People with learning disabilities can find â€Å"†¦ themselves pushed to the margins of our society †¦Ã¢â‚¬  as a result of unintentional circumstances in being able to find â€Å"†¦ the right care, health services, education †¦Ã¢â‚¬  and other aspects (Department of Health, 2007b). He continued that â€Å"At best they feel obstacles are constantly put in their way by society† (Department of Health, 2007b). The foregoing is easy to understand when one realizes that an individual with a learning disability has problems in not only fi nding out things to help themselves, they have problems in completing the paperwork and other facets of the system that has been put there to help them, but in many instances in the past did not as a result of the gap between their learning disabilities and communicating their needs to the system without the help of family members or other parties who either might not desire them to take such an action or simply do not have the time to assist them in wading through the process (Department of Health, 2007b). The Department of Health describes people with learning disabilities as being the most vulnerable as well as socially excluded individuals in the British society (Department of Health, 2007b). In terms of social services, as well as other branches of governmental aid, individuals with learning disabilities faced, in the past, poorly coordinated services, poor planning, and most importantly they had little choice and or â€Å"†¦ control over many aspects of their lives† (Department of Health, 2007b). The publications continues that day services, the contact point for people with learning disabilities, were â€Å"†¦ not tailored to the needs and abilities of the individual†, the last point being ‘abilities’ as the operative word in this instance. People with learning disabilities may be able, over a period of time, or instantly, to verbalise their wants, needs and desires, however, under a system with so many departments and layers, getting in touch with the right department represented a problem. Under the Valuing People Support Team they have a governmental agency that is their road map as well as navigator and operative arm to help them through the system as quickly as possible to the services they needs and or desire. If one thinks about it, the Valuing People Support Team also serves another highly important service, one of being in the position of patients accessing the system. Through a governmental agency helping people to use the system their experiences will provide a wealth of feedback from cases via which to monitor the effectiveness of the entire spectrum of services offered and provided by the government in this area, and make recommendation that have power. This inside system handling of the problems of users of services through its cases is the ideal manner by which to not only put the system on its toes, it represents the perfect feed back mechanism via which to implement improvements and change. In Mandy’s case, this means the first break from one of her parents in her entire life. A prospect, if one is to put themselves in her shoes, that must seem quite intimidating and fearful, in that she has to put her trust in what can be termed as strangers to treat her as family and see to her best interests as her father did. The Valuing People Support Team operates under four key principles, which are 1), Rights, 2). Independence, 3). Choice, and 4). Inclusion as its operational foundation Department of Health, 2007b). Applying these to Mandy’s situation enables one to see the fit and vision of the preceding. The idea is to provide them with choices, thus giving them control over their lives as opposed to being immersed in a society whereby their prospect of finding the appropriate services and or information is left to a ‘well-informed carer’ such as Mandy’s father who waded through all of the necessary steps and information gathering processes to obtain the full benefit for his daughter. In terms of where Mandy is today, in desiring to take control over her life, she needs that same type of assistance, something that was difficult to find. In order to accomplish the objective of providing individuals with learning disabilities with the options to access the system in the manner in which it is intended to work, the Valuing People Support Team was established to function as a ‘well-informed carer’. In the instance of Mandy, the Valuing People Support Team white paper set forth that it understands and has been established to help learning disabled individuals to access housing and other services that fit their needs. In this instance it entails the shift of Mandy from home care assisted living to hospital stay assisted living. Acting in a real sense as her advocate, the Valuing People Support is there to walk Mandy through the maze of social services to aid her in the achievement of her objective. As per its web site, under the Care Services Improvement Partnership, the Valuing People Support Team is there to work with 1), Learning Disability Partnership Boards, 2), Local people and organizations, and 3), Gov ernment Departments (Care Services Improvement Partnership, 2007a). The ‘Team’ 1) offers support as well as advice to people who want to and or are seeking to change services, 2) help people to get together for the purposes of talking and sharing ideas, 3) to listen to what people are saying, and 4) to feed this information back to the government to enable them to have the direct information from the users of the system so that things can be changed and improved for the better (Care Services Improvement Partnership, 2007a). In Mandy’s instance, the Valuing People Support Team as an advocacy department that has been specifically set up for patients with problems like herself (Care Services Improvement Partnership, 2007b). Advocacy The preceding represents the solution to Mandy’s problem, an advocate to listen to her concerns, counsel her as to her options, obtain agreement from Mandy as to the direction she would thus like to take knowing and understanding her options, and then to take the appropriate action based upon the foregoing. The advocacy services segment of the Valuing People Support Team offers the following services 1) self advocacy to enable individuals to speak up for themselves, 2) citizen advocacy whereby people can get to know an individual that has a learning disability and thus be able to get their wishes understood as well as heard, and 3) a short term issue based or crisis advocacy whereby a person is usually paid to speak up for someone regarding a particular issue and or when that person is in a crisis (Care Services Improvement Partnership, 2007b). The Advocacy Toolkit was set up to aid individuals in waking through what this service offers and how it can help. In Mandy’s i nstance, she received the help of her key worker at the respite care unit to get her to the Valuing People Support Team, which is the same course of action that would have been taken by the disabilities team. The disabilities team would have also been able to aid and assist Mandy in the getting to her destination. These teams, disabilities, represent service groups in the individual councils that are positioned within the individual authorities, whose service parameters are limited, however, they are there to assist. A typical disabilities team web site indicates its purpose as being a point of contact regarding disabilities issues that affects young people from partner organizations and other agencies (connexions, 2007). It is in place to offer and provide specialist services to young people between the ages of 13 and 25 who have a statement of special education need. They function as well as offer a limited and lower level specialist service in the pattern of the Valuing People Support Team that is on a lower level, yet in the same vein. Specifically they offer 1) support as well as guidance to personal advisers concerning individual cases, 2) training to personal advisors concerning di sability issues, 3) a direct service for young people that have complex needs, 4) an innovative working arrangement with partner organizations to help young people identify need as well as secure funding, 5) independent advice, along with guidance and information regarding local as well as national special needs provisions, 6) working with individuals as well as groups as advocates and brokers, 7) and provide access to other personal advisors whereby they can help to fulfill requirements as well as guidance as set by the government concerning young people that have a learning disability and or any other type of disability (connexions, 2007). The disabilities team would have not been able to assist Mandy in obtaining her objective of changing her carer, as a result of her age, but could have referred her to the Valuing People Support Team in order for Mandy to complete the process. Advocacy, as stated by Valuing People is that the government’s purpose and aim in putting this service into place was to provide a range of independent advocacy services in each area that permits people with learning disabilities to be able to choose the service(s) that best meet and fulfill their needs. The independent nature of the advocacy services represents one of, if not its most important features and facets as it ensures impartiality on the part of the patient (Care Services Improvement Partnership, 2007b). In addition to advocacy services, the Valuing People Support Team handles many, many other services, including arrangement to place someone at an appropriate residence. Specifically, the Valuing People Support Team states that a long stay hospital does not represent a good place for people with learning disabilities to live in (Care Services Improvement Partnership, 2007c). This option for Mandy is closed as all learning disability patients at long stay hospitals were moved as of March 2006 (Care Services Improvement Partnership, 2007c). Thus, the Valuing People Support Team will need to work with Mandy to hear her needs, wants and desires and advise her on her options. Mandy could not be in better hands than these, as they oversee the full range of services that are available within the health care and social services system. The fact that the Valuing People Support Team oversees the full range of services under the health and social care makes it invaluable to patients as well as t hose seeking help for the first time. It represents a resource that aids all of the departments in getting the person to the right area quickly and avoid moving people around form service to service, and or having them call, hunt and become frustrated in obtaining the assistance and help that they need. . Conclusion Mandy’s situation is in no way unique! There are others that have either similar and or drastically different problems who need empowerment in order to avail themselves of assistance and help when either in trouble or seeking the right governmental services for their condition. The existence of the Valuing People Support Team would be helpful for an immigrant without papers under hospital care in finding out exactly what their options are in terms of support, aid and immigration as a result of a recent event that ended them in that position. Specifically, the case of a gentleman named Boris who arrived in England twenty years ago and never secured his papers. Having had a reversal in circumstances, Boris has been living illegally in England and would up in a hospital as a result of kidney failure. His circumstance in living in an unheated room at the rear of a commercial establishment was unsuitable for return to after his hospital incident that requires follow up care. And as a result of his status, housing options were not open. The Valuing People Support Team represents a resource to aid Boris and the hospital to help this individual. The Valuing People Support Team represents an important governmental resource to aid the citizens of the United Kingdom in wading through he huge maze of services regulations and requirements that is the system of health and social services care. It is helping Mandy and countless others, and will be of aid to Boris as well Bibliography Care Services Improvement Partnership (2007b) Advocacy. Retrieved on 1 May 2007 from http://valuingpeople.gov.uk/dynamic/valuingpeople61.jsp Care Services Improvement Partnership (2007c) Long Stay Hospitals. Retrieved on 1 May 2007 from http://valuingpeople.gov.uk/dynamic/valuingpeople127.jsp Care Services Improvement Partnership (2007) What is the Valuing People Support Team? Retrieved on 1 May 2007 from http://valuingpeople.gov.uk/dynamic/valuingpeople16.jsp connexions (2007) What is this service. Retrieved on 1 May 2007 from http://www.connexionsteesvalley.co.uk/practitioners/aboutus/diabilities/ Department of Health (2007a) National Strategy for Carers. Retrieved on 1 May 2007 from http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Publications/PublicationsPolicyAndGuidance/DH_4006522 Department of Health (2007b) Valuing People. Retrieved on 1 May 2007 from http://www.archive.official-documents.co.uk/document/cm50/5086/5086.pdf Directov (2007b) Care Homes and hospital. Retrieved on 1 May 2007 from http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/HealthAndWellBeing/HealthServices/CareHomes/DG_10031519 Directgov (2007) Disability Living Allowance – what else you need to know. Retrieved on 1 May 2007 from http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/DisabledPeople/FinancialSupport/DG_10012424 Rett Syndrome Association (2006) Guidance Note 1: Respite Care or ‘Short Term Breaks’. Retrieved on 1 May 2007 from http://www.rettsyndrome.org.uk/_downloads/respite_booklet.pdf

Turish Visions For Sustainable Renewable Energy Environmental Sciences Essay

Today, the universe is confronting monolithic environmental challenges. Global heating and clime alteration, ozone depletion, loss of biodiversity, dirt eroding, and air and H2O pollution are planetary jobs with wide-ranging impacts on human populations. In add-on to environmental jobs, there are besides serious security issues associated with the large-scale usage of dodo and atomic fuels. Tensions arise from depletion of planetary dodo fuel resources,4 uncertainnesss in energy monetary values and energy availability,5 geopolitical tenseness caused by the concentration of oil and gas resources in a few parts of the universes and the hazard of atomic proliferation endangering planetary security.6 Political force per unit areas environing fossil fuels can take to unrest, government alterations, and even war. These state of affairss can take to extreme societal hardships.7 Therefore, increasing energy security hazards are a turning concern for developed and developing states likewise. Energy security has, hence, returned to the top of the international docket like in the 1970s8 and now is considered one of the most of import challenges to the universe s peace and security. The conventional energy paradigm is clearly incapable of work outing these important political and societal jobs. This state of affairs has called for a paradigm displacement in energy policy. As a affair of fact, a paradigm displacement in the aims of energy policy is presently taking topographic point – towards security of supply and clime change.7 Sustainability is one of the cardinal constructs of the new paradigm. Cost-efficient, sustainable energy policy should take to cut down energy usage before seeking to run into the staying demand by the cleanest means possible. The planetary tendency at the minute is towards the energy schemes built around the undermentioned hierarchy in energy options from the most sustainable to the least sustainable:9 * Energy preservation: improved energy efficiency and rational usage of energy * Increasing usage of renewable beginnings * Exploitation of un-sustainable resources utilizing low-carbon engineerings The displacement to renewable, energy-efficient and low-carbon engineerings driven by energy security and clime alteration concerns is doing progress although at a slower gait than desired. A passage from fossil fuels to a non-carbon-based economic system will more likely occur, over the longer-term.Global Trends in Renewable EnergyRenewable energy, which constitutes one of the three indispensable pillars of the new energy paradigm,10 has become a high precedence among energy policy schemes on a planetary graduated table. In most states, depending on the on-going paradigm alteration, renewable energy policies are germinating rapidly11 Many states are in the procedure of deregulating and reconstituting their electric power industries. The cardinal passage of the universes energy markets has begun. As illustrated in Table 1 and 2, a figure of developed, transitioning states, and developing states have already adopted some type of policy to advance renewable power coevals. The most common existing policy is the feed-in law13 ( feed-in duties ) , which has been enacted in many states and parts in recent old ages. There are many other signifiers of policy support for renewable power coevals, including Renewable Portfolio Standards ( RPS ) policies, direct capital investing subsidies or discounts, revenue enhancement inducements and credits, gross revenues revenue enhancement and value added revenue enhancement ( VAT ) freedoms, direct production payments or revenue enhancement credits ( i.e. , per kWh ) , green certification trading, net metering, direct public investing or funding, and public competitory command for specified measures of power coevals. In at least 66 states worldwide, policy marks for renewable energy have been implemented. Included among these states are all 27 European Union states, 29 U.S. provinces ( and D.C. ) , and 9 Canadian provinces.14 Table 3 demonstrates that most marks are for portions of Electricity production, primary energy,15 and/or concluding energy16 by a specific day of the month. Most marks aim for the 2010-2012 timeframe, although an increasing figure of marks aim for 2020. There is now an EU-wide mark of 20 per centum of concluding energy consumption17 by 2020, and a Chinese mark of 15 per centum of primary energy by 2020. Most states have set high ends for the use of renewable energy by the center of the century, but present twenty-four hours use of renewable beginnings of energy is dominated by developed states such as the United States, Germany, Spain and Denmark, every bit good Brazil and China, the taking developing states. Hydroelectric power is the dominant renewable energy due to its w idespread usage but air current energy and solar power are fast turning signifiers of renewable energy beginnings. The European Union ( EU ) is soon taking planetary action in speed uping the passage to renewable energy and a low-carbon economic system. Harmonizing to the European Energy Commissioner Andris Piebalgs, â€Å" we are at the beginning of 3rd industrial revolution – the rapid development of an wholly new energy system. We can anticipate a monolithic displacement towards a carbon-free electricity system, immense force per unit area to cut down energy ingestion and conveyance on the footing of renewable electricity The EU is heading towards the Third Industrial Revolution by doing some binding committednesss. On March 2007, European leaders signed up to a adhering EU-wide mark to beginning 20 % of their energy demands from renewables such as biomass, hydro, air current, and solar power by 2020. On 23 January 2008, the European Commission put frontward differentiated marks for each EU member province, based on their several per capita GDP. As portion of the overall mark, accomplishing at least 10 % of their conveyance fuel ingestion from bio-fuels is a adhering minimal mark for each member province. Under President Obama, the United States is besides increasing its trust on green energy: 25 % of its electricity is to be generated from renewable energy beginnings by 2025. As a effect of these new policies, planetary investing in renewable energy and the installed renewable capacity of the universe has progressively grown over the past decennary, as illustrated in Figures 1-4. 14 Harmonizing to REN21 Renewables Global Status Report, many indexs of renewable energy have shown dramatic additions in the 2000s. Annual renewable energy investing has reached $ 120 billion in 2008. Global power capacity from new renewable energy beginnings ( excepting big hydro ) expanded to 280 GW in 2008 – a 16 per centum rise from the 240 GW in 2007 and a 75 per centum addition from 160 GW in 2004, as illustrated in Table 1. The top six states were China ( 76 GW ) , The United States ( 40 GW ) , Germany ( 34 GW ) , Spain ( 22 GW ) , India ( 13 GW ) , and Japan ( 8 GW ) . The capacity in developing states grew to 119 GW or 43 per centum of entire with China ( little hydro and air current ) and India ( air current ) taking the addition. A important milepost was reached in 2008 when added power capacity from renewables in both the United States and the European Union exceeded added power capacity from conventional power ( including gas, coal, oil and atomic ) and renewables r epresented more than 50 % of sum added capacity. Harmonizing to European Photovoltaic Industry Association ( EPIA ) , planetary installed solar photovoltaic power grew by 44 per centum in 2009 funded by German subsidies. The planetary solar photovoltaic electricity ( PV ) market counted an extra addition in installed capacity of about 6.4 GW in 2009, making a entire capacity of over 20 GW worldwide. This has been the most of import one-year capacity addition of all time and is peculiarly impressive in visible radiation of the hard fiscal and economical fortunes during the past twelvemonth. Germany was the largest demand market last twelvemonth, adding 3 gigawatts ( GW ) , followed by Italy, Japan and the United States. Germany will probably stay biggest demand market in 2010, ing to the EPIA. In 2010, planetary tive installed PV capacity is expected grow by at least 40 % , while the growing is expected to increase by more than 15 % . Despite strong growing, solar power still provides merely approximately 0.5 per centum of planetary installed electricity capacity. Among new renewables ( renewables excepting big hydropower ) , wind power was the largest add-on to renewable energy capacity. Since 2000, air current power has the highest capacity of all renewables. The Global Wind Energy Council announced that the universe ‘s air current power capacity grew by 31 % in 2009, adding 37.5 gigawatts ( GW ) to convey entire installings up to 157.9 GW. The chief markets driving this important growing continue to be Asia, North America, and Europe, each of which installed more than 10 GW of new air current capacity in 2009. China was the universes largest market in 2009, more than duplicating its air current coevals capacity from 12.1 GW in 2008 to 25.1 GW at the terminal of 2009 with new capacity add-ons of 13 GW. A freshly added capacity of 1,270 MW in India and some smaller add-ons in Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan make Asia the biggest regional market for wind energy in 2009, with more than 14 GW of new capacity. The U.S. air current energy market installed about 10 GW in 2009, increasing the state ‘s installed capacity by 39 % and conveying the entire installed grid-connected capacity to 35 GW. Europe, which has traditionally been the universe ‘s largest market for wind energy development, continued to see strong growing, besides transcending outlooks. In 2009, 10.5 GW were installed in Europe, led by Spain ( 2.5GW ) and Germany ( 1.9 GW ) . Italy, France, and the UK all added more than 1 GW of new air current capacity each. 39 % of all new capacity installed in 2009 was wind power, followed by gas ( 26 % ) and solar photovoltaic ( 16 % ) . Europe decommissioned more coal and atomic capacity than it installed in 2009. Take together, renewable energy engineerings account for 61 % of new power bring forthing capacity in 2009. As demonstrated, the air current energy industry has emerged as a major growing sector in a figure of states. Among developing states, China and India are progressively playing a major function in both the fabrication and installing of air current energy. While taking air current turbine makers are based in industrialized states like Denmark, Germany, and Spain, India and China have caught up really rapidly- both through edifice up their ain air current industries and through support for air current energy deployment. Within the last decennary, they managed to come on from holding no air current turbine makers to hosting taking companies capable of fabricating whole air current turbines. It should be emphasized that these states can function as of import illustrations of how leapfrogging19 is possible in footings of industrial development and engineering acceptance in the energy sector.Turkey ‘s Renewable Energy Policies and SchemesTurkey has significant renewable energy potency. Renewables make the second-largest part to domestic energy production and ingestion after coal.20 ( See Fig ure 5 ) 21 However commercial usage of renewable energy in Turkey, excepting large-scale hydropower, has non developed in proportion to its big resource base. Renewable energy usage has been dominated by big hydro and biomass ( largely wood and animate being wastes ) .20 The immense potency of Turkey in renewables like air current, solar, and geothermal has non been used expeditiously until recently22. ( See Table 4 & A ; Table 5 ) 23 Unfortunately, the usage of new renewables ( renewables excepting big hydro ) is hence still highly limited because of low growth.24 Although the absolute value of renewable energy usage grows, its portion of the Total Primary Energy Supply ( TPES ) does non increase since it does n't turn in proportion with energy ingestion as illustrated in Figure 6. So, the portion of fossil fuels continues to increase.24 In the event that Turkey continues prosecuting the same policy, it is more likely that renewable portions will go on diminishing instead than increasing. Just as, entire portion of renewable in TPES has declined depending on, chiefly, diminishing biomass usage ( Table 5 ) 23 and the turning function of natural gas in the system. It has been estimated that the portion of renewable energy will diminish to % 9 of TPES in 2020.20 As illustrated in Figure 7, the portion of installed renewable capacity in entire installed capacity dramatically decreased in the last decade.25 In add-on, Turkeys extremely supply-oriented energy policy dominated, with accent placed on guaranting extra energy supply to run into the turning demand, while the sustainability standards remained a lower precedence. Turkey is presently faced with serious environmental and energy security challenges. As illustrated in Figure 8, the portion of imported fuels continues to increase and more than approximately 70 % of the entire primary energy ingestion in the state is met by imports.25 And as illustrated in Figures 9 and 10, entire CO2 emanations are quickly increasing.25 Energy strength remains excessively high in comparing to the other OECD Countries.26 Therefore, environmental and energy security hazards continue to increase in Turkey. Turkey s energy state of affairs is obviously unsustainable and in struggle with the emerging energy paradigm every bit good as with modern-day planetary energy tendencies. Changing these unsustainable forms is one of the chief challenges for Turkey. It is clear that the bing renewable energy potency must be realized in a sensible clip period. It is a measure in the right way that determination shapers in Turkey have already on the docket to use hydro and renewable resources such as air current, and geothermic energy to run into in demand in a sustainable mode. Recently, advancement has been made with respect to renewable energy ordinances. The Electricity Market Law, which was enacted in March 2001, authorized the Energy Market Regulatory Agency ( EMRA ) to take the necessary steps to advance the use of renewable energy resources27. The First Renewable Energy Law No. 5346, entered into force in 200528. The Renewable Energy Law was a cardinal measure for beef uping the state ‘s decentralized renewable energy sector. However, much more still needs to be done. It is an pressing demand to better the state ‘s Renewable Energy Strategy. Turkey is besides seeking to take new stairss for exciting renewable energy usage and investings to speed up the passage to renewable energy. Following the passage of the Renewable Energy Law No. 5346 in May 2005, investor involvement in the renewable energy sector has risen distinctively29 This is particularly the instance in relation to the coevals of electricity through hydro workss and air current farms22. A crisp addition in the figure of license appliers for renewables has occurred. Despite a rise in the Numberss, the involvement in renewable energy undertakings was hindered by the loaners ‘ reluctance because of the uncertainness in the purchase warrants. As a consequence, the authorities introduced an of import series of amendments in 200730 and 200831. The amendment to the jurisprudence in May 2007 secured a changeless purchase monetary value for all types of renewable beginnings. Current inducements to advance renewable energy by The Electricity Market Law with No. 4628 and Renewable Energy Law with No. 5346 are shown in Table 6.32 Following these amendments important advancement has been made. As illustrat ed in Table 7, a sum of 601 renewable undertakings with a capacity of 15500 MW have been licensed by 2009.22 The attempts successfully resulted in significant additions in the air current and geothermic capacity, as illustrated in Figures 11-12. However, as Tables 4 and 7 demonstrate22 solar capacity has non developed and it clearly needs farther publicity. Therefore, a Draft Amendment to the Renewable Energy Law has late been prepared in order to supply farther inducements to the renewable energy sector. This Draft Law will turn to issues such as the finding of different purchase monetary values for the electricity produced from different types of renewable energy, simpler trade mechanism for renewable pool, and extra support in ness electro-mechanical equipment manufactured in Turkey. Harmonizing to this Draft Law, different monetary values changing from Euro Cent 5 /kwh t0 Euro Cent 18 /kwh w^ ^e applied to the purchase of eleetricity depending on the type of renew. able energy r esource used ( seeTable 8 ) .32 It is considered to be a more realistic attack than the Renewable Energy Law since it contemplates the application of higher and different monetary values depending on the type of renewable energy resources, and therefore, responds better to the demands of the sector. The purpose is chiefly to spread out the use of solar energy for bring forthing electrical energy in Turkey. However, the Last Amendment to the Renewable Energy Law has yet to be implemented. The Draft Amending Law was supposed to go through the National General Assembly on June, 2009. But it was suspended to reconsider purchase monetary values because it would make an excess load on the exchequer. It is still under treatment in the Turkish National General Assembly. Turkey is besides now at the phase of puting marks for renewable energy development. The Higher Board of Planning adopted the â€Å" Electric Energy Market and Supply Security Strategy Paper † 33 in May 2009. In this Strategy Paper, the long term primary mark is â€Å" to guarantee that the portion of renewable resources in electricity coevals is increased up to at least 30 % by 2023. † This scheme papers was published as a general route map to increase the portion of renewable energy in electricity coevals. Within the model of the Strategy Paper, long term attempts will take into consideration the following marks by 2023: * Ensure that available technically and economically hydro- electric potency is to the full utilised, * Increase installed weave energy power to 20,000 MW, * Commission all geothermic potency of 600 MW that is presently considered as suited for electric production, * Generalize the usage of solar energy for bring forthing energy and guarantee maximal use of state potency, * Follow and implement closely technological progresss in the usage of solar energy for electricity coevals, * Amend consequently the Law No. 5346 to promote coevals of electricity utilizing solar energy, * Prepare and bring forth programs that will take into history the possible alterations in use potencies of other renewable energy resources based on technological and legislative developments and in instance of additions, use of such resources, portion of fossil fuels and peculiarly of imported resource, will be reduced consequently. Recently, the Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources prepared its Strategic Plan covering the period between 2010 and 2014.25 Increasing the portion of renewable energy resources is one of the programs ends to supply energy supply security. Near-term marks are the undermentioned: * The hydro electricity programs of 5,000 MW under building will be completed by 2013. * The air current works installed capacity, which was 802.8 MW as of 2009, will be increased up to 10,000 MW by 2015. * The installed capacity for the geothermal works will be increased from 77.2 MW in 2009 up to 300 MW by 2015. Both of this long term and close term scheme programs are non, on their ain, lawfully adhering. It is, nevertheless, expected that their commissariats will be incorporated into future ordinances and statute law.ConsiderationsAlthough Turkey has important renewable energy resources for electricity production, this potency has non yet been used expeditiously. The legislator in Turkey has taken of import stairss in order to advance the usage of renewable energy resources in the production of electricity and to promote the investings in this market. However, Turkey is doing comparatively slow advancement in the realisation of its purposes of renewable energy. The ground for this is that policies and steps adopted in the state taking to heighten the usage of renewable energy beginnings are chiefly driven by the demands of the EU accession procedure. It seems that Turkey could n't internalise the new energy paradigm specifically plenty, although it has adapted to the EUs ordinances. First of wholly, the paradigm alteration should right be understood and internalized by the Turkish authorities. This would let the authorities to put up a legal and institutional model conducive to this new energy paradigm, draws up the specifications of what the energy system of the hereafter should look like, and formulate policy following the new energy paradigm. Second, the administrative staff should be educated and trained on how to implement and internalise the new energy paradigm, because one of the cardinal facets of this procedure is a conceptual re-invention of how energy ingestion and production is done and how the related establishments operate. Turkey should set about comprehensive attempts to get rid of the failings in its policies and ordinances and how they are implemented. It is a race against the clip as prima states compete with each other in this race towards the Third Industrial Revolution. If Turkey does n't desire to lose out on the Third Industrial Revolution, and if it wants to catch up with taking developing states, such as China and India, which managed to catch up with the developed states, it should instantly speed up the passage procedure to renewable energy. Technological leapfrogging is one of the ways to accomplish this goal.34 From a conventional point of position, developing states passively adopt engineering as standard merchandises, which have been developed in industrial states. However, leapfrogging represents an attractive option for these late industrializing states. The function of technological leapfrogging within a sustainable development context35 is non automatic, since leapfrogging entirely does non vouch or even promote prosperity. However, from a more philosophical position, it has been argued that there is, in fact, no option to leapfrogging for developing countries.36 If these states do non try to update their engineerings, they face exclusion from the planetary mainstream economic tendencies every bit good as continued want and poorness for their people. Turkey should besides non reiterate the energy history of the industrialised countries37. Similarly to the success narratives of the Indian and Chinese air current i ndustries, leapfrogging chances may besides be for Turkey with its huge potency of renewable resources. Decision shapers in Turkey should internalise the construct of leapfrogging as an built-in portion of their renewable energy vision and should seek to implement its many possible applications. However, in order to protect the investing of the state ‘s scarce resources available for advanced engineerings, as is the instance in most underdeveloped states, and to separate between fortunes where leapfrogging may or may non be successful, careful and elaborate analyses should be carried out.Endnotes1. Rajni Bakshi, â€Å" A new energy paradigm, † The Hindu, Online edition of Indias National Newspaper, Dec. 24, 2000. 2. Amulya Kumar N. Reddy, â€Å" Development, Energy and Environment Alternative Paradigms † , retreived from hypertext transfer protocol: //amulya-reddy.org.in 3. P. D. Rakin and R. M. Margolis, â€Å" Global Energy, Sustain ability, and the Conventional Development Paradigm, † Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, Vol. 20, No. 4, ( 1998 ) , pp. 363-383. 4. Hal Turton and Leonardo Barreto, â€Å" Long-run security of energy supply and clime alteration, † Vol. 34. No. 15 ( October, 2006 ) , pp. 2232-2250. 5. Eshita Gupta, â€Å" Oil exposure index of oil-importing states, † Energy Policy, Vol. 36, ( January, 2008 ) , pp. 1195-1211. 6. James P. Dorian, Herman T Franssen and Dale R. Simbeck, â€Å" Global challenges in energy, † Energy Policy, Vol. 34, No. 15 ( October, 2006 ) , pp. 1984-1991. 7. Valeria Costantini, Francesco Gracceva, Anil Markandya and Giorgia Vicini, â€Å" Security of energy supply: Comparing scenarios from a European position, † Energy Policy, Vol. 35, No. 1 ( January, 2007 ) , pp. 210-226. 8. William J. Nuttall and Devon L. Manz M. Totten, â€Å" A New Energy Security Paradigm for the Twenty- First Century, † EPRG Working Paper, retrieved May 1, 2010, from hypertext transfer protocol: //wwweprg.group.cam.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2008/ll/eprg0731.pdf 9. Energy Policy Statement: 09/03, Institution of Mechanical Engineers retrieved May 2010 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.imeche.Org/NR/rdonlyres/9C7E8DCD-150C-4ECA-A387-D71DEAAAAFAD/0/Energy HierarchylMechEPolicy.p df 10. Jeremy Rifkin, â€Å" Leading the Way to the Third Industrial Revolution and a New Social Europe in the twenty-first Century, † European TIR Paper, retrieved May, 2010, from hypertext transfer protocol: //wwwfoet.org/packet/ European.pdf. 11. Roland Menges, â€Å" Supporting renewable energy on liberalised markets: green electricity between additionality and consumer sovereignty, † Energy Policy, Vol. 31 ( 2003 ) , pp. 583-596. 12. REN 2! ( Renewable Energy Policy Network for the 21th Century ) , â€Å" Renewables Global Status Report 2009 Update, † retrieved May, 2010 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ren21.net/pdf/RE_GSR_2009_Update.pdf 13. A legal duty on public-service corporations to buy electricity from renewable beginnings. 14. REN 2! ( Renewable Energy Policy Network for the 21th Century ) , â€Å" Renewables Global Status Report 2007, † retrieved on May 2010 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ren21.net/globalstatusreport/g2007.asp. 15. Energy that has non been subjected to any transition or transmutation procedure. 16. Form of energy available to the user following the transition from primary energy bearers such as rough oil, natural gas, atomic energy, coal and regenerative energies. 17. Sum of the energy supplied to the concluding user for all energy utilizations. 18. A. Piebalgs, Energy Commissioner, â€Å" European Response to energy challenges? Address at the EU Energy and Environment Law and Policy Conf Brussels ( January 22, 2009 ) , retrieved May, 20 10, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.energypolicyblog.com/2009/02/ 10/european-union-at-the-eve-of-the-thirdindustrial-revolution % E2 % 80 % 9D/ . 19. Technology leapfrogging is a term used to depict the bypassing of technological phases that other states have gone trough. This is the definition used by Edward Steinmueller in the paper titled â€Å" ICTS ‘ and the ; Possibilities for Leapfroging by Developing States, † International Labor Review, Vol.140, No.2 ( 2001 ) , p. 194. 20. International Energy Agency, â€Å" Energy Policies of IEA Countries, Turkey 2005 Review † , 2005. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. iea. org/textbase/npp df/f ree/200 5/turkey200 5.p df 21. F. Cecen, â€Å" Opportunities in Turkish Electricity Market † ( May, 2009 ) retrieved May 1, 2010, from http// World Wide Web. the- Ate. org/events/c09/content/presentations/B2- Cecen- Firat-ICTAS.pdf 22. Burak Dilli, General Overview of Turkish Electricity Sector: Privatization & A ; Renewable Energy, PP Presentation hypertext transfer protocol: //www.the-atc.org/events/c09/content/presentations/B2-Dilli-BudakMinistryOfEnergy.p df 23. â€Å" Mediterranean Energy Perspectives 2008, † Observatoire Mediterraneen de l'Energie ( OME ) , 2008, retrieved April 1, 2010, from htpp//www omeenergie.com/mp-2008- 12- 5-en-335.pdf, pp. 315-378. 24. Zeki Aybar Eris, , â€Å" Great Wind Potential of Turkey, † POWER-GEN Europe 2007, Feria de Madrid, Madrid, Spain, June 26-28, 2007, p. 18-26. 25. The Repudie of Turkey Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources Strategy Plan 2010-2014, Ankara, 2010. 26. Erdal Aaˆ?alikoglu, â€Å" Energy Efficiency in Turkey † , TAIEX Workshop 25625 on Demand Side Management in Energy Efficiency, November 22-23, 2007, General Directorate of Electric Power Resources, Survey and Development Administration, Ankara, Turkey, retrieved May, 2010, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.eie.gov.tr/ duyurular/EV/TAIEX/ taiex_sunular.html. 27. Dirk Gaupp, â€Å" Turkeys New Law on Renewable Energy Sources within the Context of the Accession Negotiations with the EU, † German Law Journal, Vol. 08, No. 04 ( 2007 ) , pp. 413-416. 28. Deger Boden, â€Å" Circuit Makers † , IFLR, International Financial Law reappraisal, ( June 1, 2009 ) . 29. HergAA?ner Bilgen A-zeke, â€Å" Turkey: The New Law on Renewable Energy Resources, † Environmental & A ; Energy, ( April 4, 2007 ) . 30. â€Å" Law on Utilization of Renewable Energy Sources for the Purpose of Generation Electricity, † Official GazetteNo. 24335, dated 10.05.2005 ( Law No. : 5346 ) , Last Amendment: Official Gazette No. 26510, dated 02.05.2007. 31. â€Å" Law on Utilization of Renewable Energy Sources for the Purpose of Generation Electricity, † Official GazetteNo. 24335, dated 10.05.2005 ( Law No. : 5346 ) , Last Amendment: Official Gazette No. 270522, dated 03.12.2008. 32. Energy, Utilities & A ; Mining Sector, â€Å" Renewables Report On the cheery side of the street* Opportunities and challenges in the Turkish renewable energy market Industries, † ( August 2009 ) retrieved May, 2010, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.pwc.com/tr_TR/tr/publications/Assets/Renewables_Report_On_the_sunny_side_of_the_street.pdf. 33. â€Å" Turkeys Electric Energy Market and Supply Security Strategy Paper † with Res. No. 2009/1 1, dated 18.09.2009. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.enerji. gov.tr/yayinlar_rap orlar/ Arz_Guvenligi_Stratej i_Belgesi.p df 34. Hasan Saygm, â€Å" Technological Leapfrogging in Energy in Developing States, † Enerji, Vol. 11, No. 1 ( Ocak, 2006 ) , p. 27. ( in Turkish ) 35. Robert Davison, Doug Vogel, Roger Haris and Noel Jones, â€Å" Technology Leapfrogging in Developing Countries- an Inevitable Luxury, † Vol. 1, No. 5 EJISDC ( 2000 ) , pp. 1-10. 36. W. Edward Steinmueller, â€Å" ICTs and the possibilities for Leapfroging by Developing States, † International Labour Review, Vol. 140, No. 2 ( 2000 ) . 37. Hasan Saygin, â€Å" Zero Emission Technologies for battling Global Heating, † Enerji, Vol. 11 ( Mart, 2006 ) No. 3, p. 25.